Common Periwinkle (vinca minor)

Vinca minor, commonly known as common periwinkle or creeping myrtle, is a captivating ground cover that creates a dense carpet of glossy, dark green foliage. The plant features oval-shaped leaves that grow in opposite pairs along trailing stems that can reach lengths of up to 18 inches. Its most striking feature is the abundance of five-petaled, pinwheel-shaped flowers that typically bloom in a enchanting shade of periwinkle blue, though varieties with white and purple blooms also exist. These delicate flowers, measuring about an inch in diameter, emerge in early spring and can continue blooming sporadically throughout the growing season.

Native to central and southern Europe, Vinca minor has a rich history dating back to medieval times. The plant's Latin name "Vinca" derives from the verb "vincire," meaning to bind or fetter, referring to its long stems that were historically used for making garlands. European settlers brought it to North America in the 1700s, where it was commonly planted in graveyards as an evergreen memorial ground cover, earning it the nickname "graveyard vine" in some regions. The plant also has historical significance in herbal medicine, though its toxic alkaloids made dosage critical.

When it comes to growing conditions, Vinca minor thrives in partial to full shade, making it an excellent choice for difficult-to-plant areas under trees or along north-facing foundations. While it can tolerate some morning sun, too much direct sunlight can scorch its leaves and reduce flowering. The plant performs best in temperate climates and is remarkably cold-hardy, surviving winters in USDA zones 4-9. It prefers well-draining, slightly acidic soil but is adaptable to most soil types. During its establishment period in the first year, regular watering is essential, but once established, it becomes notably drought-tolerant.

Gardeners should be aware that Vinca minor's vigorous growth habit can be both a blessing and a challenge. While its spreading nature makes it excellent for erosion control and low-maintenance ground cover, it can become invasive if not properly managed. The plant spreads primarily through stolons (runners) that root at nodes along the stem, forming new plants. In optimal conditions, it can spread quite rapidly, potentially overwhelming smaller, less aggressive plants. Regular maintenance includes trimming back wayward stems and removing any dead foliage to maintain a tidy appearance. It's advisable to install physical barriers or plant in contained areas to prevent unwanted spread.

One of Vinca minor's most appealing attributes is its resistance to various environmental challenges. The plant is largely deer-resistant, making it an excellent choice for gardens in areas with high deer populations. It also shows remarkable resistance to various diseases and pests, though it can occasionally be affected by root rot in poorly draining soils or during extremely wet periods. The plant's dense growth habit naturally suppresses weeds, and its evergreen nature provides year-round interest, maintaining its attractive appearance even under snow cover. However, in regions where it's not native, gardeners should monitor its spread and check local regulations, as some areas have restrictions on its use due to its potentially invasive nature.